Virginia, a state steeped in rich history, has been the nurturing ground for numerous African American luminaries whose remarkable contributions have not only molded the state but also fortified the nation. This vibrant state has been the birthplace or the chosen home of a myriad of artists, activists, and achievers, each leaving an indelible mark on the tapestry of American history.
But let’s delve deeper into the heart of Virginia, where the historic neighborhood of Jackson Ward stands as a beacon of Black brilliance and excellence. This community, nestled in the capital city of the Commonwealth, has been a fertile ground fostering Black ingenuity and success, the echoes of which resonate even today. Let’s embark on a journey to explore the unique historical facets and the modern significance of Jackson Ward’s heritage.
Fostering Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth
Jackson Ward, often hailed as the “Black Wall Street”, has been synonymous with Black entrepreneurship and economic development since the late 19th century. This neighborhood witnessed the blossoming of over 100 African American-owned businesses, fostering generations of successful Black entrepreneurs. According to the National Park Service’s podcast tour, between 1889 and 1929, six chartered African American banks graced Jackson Ward, including the pioneering Savings Bank of the Grand Fountain United Order of True Reformers, the first chartered Black bank in America.
This vibrant community saw the rise of numerous businesses ranging from pharmacies and law offices to insurance companies and funeral homes, nurturing a thriving Black middle class. One such remarkable individual was George O. Brown, who transformed from being enslaved to becoming a skilled photographer by 1899, establishing a family-run photography studio in Jackson Ward. This studio, which operated until the 1960s, captured the essence of the African American community in Richmond, offering “portraits that please”.
In recent times, the Jackson Ward Collective has emerged as a torchbearer of this legacy. Established in 2020 by Black business owners Rasheeda Creighton, Kelli Lemon, and Melody Short, this collective aims to foster learning, growth, and ownership within the Black community. Offering a plethora of resources and events, it serves as a vibrant hub for Black business incubation.
Architectural Marvels in Jackson Ward
The architectural grandeur of Jackson Ward is evident in the majestic homes that line “Quality Row”, a testament to the economic prosperity and social mobility of the Black elite during the early 20th century. This area, which later became East Leigh Street, showcases the splendid architectural history of the Ward, housing the second-largest collection of decorative wrought iron detailing outside New Orleans.
Charles Russell, a notable architect born in Jackson Ward in 1875, played a pivotal role in transforming the neighborhood into a bustling business sector. After honing his skills at Hampton Institute and Booker T. Washington’s Tuskegee Institute, Russell returned to his roots, becoming Richmond’s first resident Black architect and one of the first licensed Black architects in Virginia. His innovative designs, characterized by multipurpose buildings with flexible spaces, were replicated extensively across the country.
Despite the ravages of time, several buildings designed by Russell still stand, including a mansion at 508 St. James Street, which now offers affordable housing options after a meticulous restoration by historic preservationist Zarina Fazaldin. To immerse yourself in the rich history of Jackson Ward, consider joining a “Walking the Ward” tour hosted by local radio personality Gary Flowers.
A Melting Pot of Entertainment and Culinary Delights
Jackson Ward, once dubbed the “Harlem of the South,” has a rich history as a hub of entertainment and recreation, especially during the segregation era in Virginia. The neighborhood was home to the iconic Hippodrome, an art deco-style theatre that hosted legendary artists like Cab Calloway, Ella Fitzgerald, and James Brown. This vibrant period saw the emergence of numerous Black-owned hotels, restaurants, and cafes, with the Eggleston Hotel standing as a central figure, offering shelter and exquisite dining experiences to celebrities like Duke Ellington.
Today, Jackson Ward continues to be a hotspot for entertainment and dining. The Hippodrome has transformed into a multifunctional venue, boasting a historic theatre and dining spaces. For those seeking a blend of wellness and refreshment, Saadia’s JuiceBox & Yoga Bar offers a range of plant-based beverages along with wellness consultations. Food enthusiasts can savor soul food at Mama J’s or Big Herm’s Kitchen, or enjoy a variety of soups and sandwiches at Cheddar Jackson’s. The neighborhood also welcomes new establishments like Str8 Out of Philly, adding to the vibrant culinary scene.
Celebrating the Leaders of Jackson Ward
While figures like Maggie Walker and John Mitchell, Jr. are well-known for their contributions emanating from Jackson Ward, it’s essential to spotlight other lesser-known individuals who have significantly influenced American history.
James E. Jackson, a prominent figure in the civil rights movement, played a crucial role in advocating for better pay and working conditions for Richmond’s Black tobacco factory workers. His efforts culminated in the formation of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, which spearheaded significant movements during the 1960s.
Lucy Goode Brooks, a visionary leader, established the FRIENDS Association for Children family services organization in 1875, providing support to Black children orphaned by the Civil War. This organization continues to serve Richmond’s vulnerable families and children today.
Charles Sidney Gilpin, a renowned actor and singer, made significant strides in the American theatre industry, earning accolades for his role in the stage production “Emperor Jones” in 1920.
Jackson Ward: A Legacy in Progress
In 2021, the community celebrated Jackson Ward’s 150th anniversary with The JXN Project, an initiative aimed at uncovering and elevating the hidden histories of this historic neighborhood. Spearheaded by Richmond sisters Enjoli Moon and Dr. Sesha Joi Moon, this project offers a rich multimedia experience, shedding new light on Jackson Ward’s past and envisioning a vibrant future.
For those keen on exploring Virginia’s lesser-known histories, stay tuned for more articles uncovering the incredible yet untold stories that shape this remarkable state.